In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. To the Editor — A Correspondence in your September issue 1 highlights key principles for responsible oversight of gene editing in agricultural and environmental applications.
As longtime stakeholders in biotech, we welcome the constructive and pragmatic approach outlined by Doria Gordon et al. The Rio Declaration of established the view that biotech can be one of several solutions for resolving the most intractable challenges of our time 2. The wisdom of this consensus has been confirmed by the development of a raft of new life-saving medicines, together with bioengineered products aimed at improving agricultural sustainability and economics.
Unlike in the biomedical realm, however, the full potential of biotech in agriculture and forestry has yet to be realized. Although public-sector research centers across the developing world initially enthusiastically embraced biotech processes 3 , 4 , wide adoption has since been impeded by controversies surrounding the risks posed for human and environmental health.
Although the above controversies continue to defy conventional means of resolution and policy deliberation has stagnated, technology development and refinement have continued apace through the work and dedication of public- and private-sector scientists around the world.
In addition to the advance of technology, the tone of discourse has also evolved, pressured largely by the relentless and unchecked acceleration of the food security, climate and biodiversity crises.
The publication by Gordon et al 1. Governance and technology developments must keep pace. It has long been evident that an exclusive focus on risk and safety assessment of plant biotech through reliance solely on national and international biosafety instruments does little to allay public concerns. A broader governance framework comprising clearly recognizable, actionable principles paves the way for the design of mechanisms for safe and ethical development and the transparent deployment of innovative new products.
Governance allows consideration of shared value, not just risk mitigation. Indeed, many of the proposals for societal and ecological focus of research from Gordon et al. We are in broad agreement with much of what Gordon et al.
We take this opportunity to stress the consideration of other important issues in the design of such governance frameworks:. Regulation should focus on the imperative of applying consistent safety requirements on all products, regardless of how they are produced.
An essential requirement is that measures for risk management and mitigation be proportional to the hazards they seek to address. The full range of social and ecological benefits should be explored globally and be supported if applicable to developing countries.
The voices of the Global South are indispensable in any multi-stakeholder dialogue on governance framework design and implementation. The current moral imperative embodied in the Precautionary Principle necessarily disincentivizes innovation and ignores the many opportunities for improvement. It discriminates against newer, safer technologies and prolongs dependence on obsolete methods with worsening environmental impacts.
Rather, the moral imperative should be to embrace newer methods, allowing advances to leave the laboratory and be tested in the field unhindered. This is of special importance for developing countries, where modern plant-breeding methods can allow local scientists to innovate and improve the crops needed to feed their citizens. Directory of open access articles based on OECD fields of science and technology Medical and Health sciences Basic medicine Clinical medicine Health sciences Health biotechnology Natural sciences Mathematics Computer and information sciences Physical sciences Chemical sciences Earth and related environmental sciences Biological sciences Engineering and Technology Civil engineering Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering Mechanical engineering Chemical engineering Materials engineering Medical engineering Environmental engineering Environmental biotechnology Industrial biotechnology Nano technology.
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Association "Open Science". In jute bag TG rapidly d Improved protocol for high frequency plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Carica papaya. An efficient in vitro method has been established for the production of whole plantlets of Carica papaya L. Eksotika, C. Proliferating callus cultures were obtained by placing IZE explants on half-strength Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with carbenicillin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D either alone or in combination.
Subsequently, complete plants were regenerated Direct and indirect plant regenerations of pineapple var. MD2 Ananas comosus L. Eksotika Leaves. This makes an important contribution to tea functionality and quality, but the subcellular These results enhance our knowledge of biochemistry and molecular biology of the biosynthesis of functional tea compounds.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a species recognized worldwide for its medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to micropropagate Stevia plants from ex vitro explants. Shoots of plants of this specie growing at greenhouse were Shoots of plants of this specie growing at greenhouse were selected.
In the in vitro establishment, the effect of disinfection time and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the survival of the explant were evaluated. The established explants were transferred to the multiplication culture medium, where the effect of the growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine and indoleacetic acid and the number of subcultures on the multiplication coefficient were determined. Then, the response of the plants in the acclimatization phase was evaluated, in comparison with plants propagated by cutting.
The growth regulators did not modify the multiplication coefficient with subcultures every 15 days. It is The identification of genes underlying important The identification of genes underlying important quantitative trait loci is extremely challenging in complex genomes such as Brassica napus canola, oilseed rape or rapeseed. However, recent advances in next-generation sequencing NGS enable much quicker identification of candidate genes for traits of interest. Here, we demonstrate this Intellectual property rights for agricultural biotechnology: options and implications for developing countries.
Policymakers in developing countries responsible for national agricultural research are considering the implications of adopting intellectual property rights for biotechnology. The impetus for these deliberations comes from many factors, The impetus for these deliberations comes from many factors, including the desire of developing countries to acquire and use new technologies in agricultural research, and the pressure exerted on developing countries in international negotiations to strengthen their intellectual property legislation.
In this report, the introductory chapters summarize the increasing significance of intellectual property rights for agricultural biotechnology and current international trade- and development-related debates on IPR and developing-country responses to these issues. An analysis is then provided of the complexities, options and implications regarding intellectual property rights in relation to three national technology objectives: acquiring either public or proprietary biotechnologies, developing and protecting national innovations, and choices for technology transfer and licensing.
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