The magnetosphere acts as a shield that protects us from solar storms. This allows the solar wind to gush through and power stormy space weather. Similarly, our magnetic shield takes the brunt of space storms, but some energy slips through its cracks, sometimes enough to cause problems with satellites, radio communication, and power systems.
The solar wind is a fast-moving stream of electrically charged particles electrons and ions blown constantly from the Sun. The wind can get gusty during violent solar events, like coronal mass ejections CMEs , which can shoot a billion tons of electrified gas into space at millions of miles per hour.
Earth's magnetosphere generally does a good job of deflecting the particles and snarled magnetic fields carried by CMEs. Even so, space storms and their vivid effects, like auroras which light up the sky over the polar regions with more than a hundred million watts of power, have long indicated that the shield was not impenetrable.
Left: An artist's rendition of magnetic reconnection. The amber-brown lines denote lines of magnetic force. The bright spot is where oppositely-directed fields are making contact and "reconnecting.
However, since this spacecraft only briefly passed through the cracks during its orbit, it was unknown if the cracks were temporary features or if they were stable for long periods. Active Shield Active Shield is an ultimate heuristic screen against trojans, spyware and adware.
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The kite-like shape and the number of layers of sunshield both play an important role on the telescope. Each of the different layers are positioned and separated with precision to accomplish their function. Each layer of the sunshield is incredibly thin. Layer 1 will face the sun and is only 0. The thickness of the aluminum and silicon coatings are even smaller. The layers are slightly different sizes and different shapes.
Layer 5 just under the primary mirror is smallest and Layer 1 is largest. Layer 1 is relatively flat and layer 5 is more curved. The layers are closer together at center and further apart at the edges to direct heat from center to the outside of the layers. Thermal models show that the max temperature of Layer 1 is K. The max temperature of Layer 5 is K, and its minimum temperature is a chilly 36K. The telescope optics like the infrared camera and mirrors must always be protected from direct exposure to any hot objects.
So the membranes are sized and positioned such that the mirrors only have a direct line of sight to the cold Layer 5, while the sun only directly shines on Layer 1 no matter which way the observatory is pointed.
The membrane material is tough, but if it gets a small tear or hole, the hole could become much larger. In addition, reinforcing strips of membrane material are Thermal Spot Bonded to the parent membrane about every 6 feet or so, forming a grid pattern of "rip-stops. So, if a hole occurs in a layer of the sunshield from a meteoroid, or small meteor, the size of the damage is limited. These are not intended to stop a meteoroid, but rather to contain the area of damage.
The material of the sunshield does shrink as it gets colder, and the hot layers expand.
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